Thursday, December 26, 2019

White Collar Crime Coined By Edwin Sutherland - 2133 Words

Crime can occur on various platforms such as the streets of a neighborhood or at a corporation on Wall Street. As a result, crime and criminal behaviour can be explained using a broad set of theories presented by scholars with the focus ranging from the individual offender to the offender’s environment and external influences. White-collar crime coined by Edwin Sutherland, for example, is a crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his occupation (Tatham, 2016). The case of Stratton Oakmont in the 1990s is an example highlighting the complexity of white-collar crime and contributes to its understanding. Jordan Belfort, founder of Stratton Oakmont, was found guilty of securities fraud and money laundering, both of which are types of white-collar crime. Fraud, according to Benson and Simpson (2015), is a crime in which a professional uses his or her superior knowledge and expertise to take advantage of something. Over the course of their occupation, the brokers at Stratton Oakmont used their knowledge and expertise to deceive their clients and inflate the prices of stocks under Belfort’s instruction. Ultimately, this fraudulent activity led to Belfort’s and Stratton Oakmont’s illegal financial success. Explanations of general crime can be applied to white-collar crime. Scholars explain white-collar crime using different theories including differential association theory, anomie and strain theory, control theory and rational choiceShow MoreRelatedTaking a Look at White Collar Crimes667 Words   |  3 Pagesthis research paper that you are about to read you will learn something’s about white collar. You will be learning who coined the term, what it is, and you will also be learning who does it. The term white collar is define as- of or relating to the work done or those who work in an office or other professional environment. It was coined by the late great Edwin Sutherland in 1941. Sutherland said ‘’ white collar is a crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course ofRead MoreEssay on White Collar Crime and Corporate Crime1509 Words   |  7 PagesWhite Collar crime is not a crime unto it self, but instead a criteria that has to be met in order for a crime to be considered as White- Collar Crime; (Blount, 2002) hence the reason why Corporate Crime is also considered as White- Collar Crime. At the same time, White Collar Crime and Corporate Crime can be seen as distinct criminological categories, however, in order to reveal this, this essay will firstly be exploring Sutherlands definition of white collar crime and the perplexity with thisRead MoreA Perfect World, Economic Inequality1337 Words   |  6 Pageswith or deviated from based on a person’s zip code. If within this perfect world crime did exist, the ramifications of criminal acts would be blind to race, wealth, or family name. Unfortunately, the illustration of a perfect world is far from it, it’s nonexistent. The world we live in today is full of disparities. There are special rules and special laws for certain people especially when it comes to crime and punishment. Everyone is not created equal. Society looks up to the wealthyRead MoreWhite Collar Crime By Edwin Sutherland Essay2013 Words   |  9 PagesWhite Collar Crime by Edwin Sutherland, published in 1949, is a study in the theory of criminal behaviour. Sutherland states that this book is an attempt to reform the theory of criminal behaviour only, not to reform anything else. And although it may include implications for social reforms, this is not the objective of the book. Sutherland define white collar crime as ‘a crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his occupation’ (pp. 9). He adds thatRead MoreThe White Collar Crime By Edwin Sutherland1604 Words   |  7 PagesE dwin Sutherland coined the term ‘white-collar crime’ and defined it as â€Å"crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his occupation.† (Black, 2010). While Sutherland focused on the perpetrator and his/her characteristics and roles in committing the crime, there were flaws within this definition in that it would not endure the progression of white-collar crime. By focusing on the individual and paying more attention to the actual crime, criminologist andRead MoreWhite Collar Crimes And Criminal Offences1238 Words   |  5 Pagesthe last decade, check fraud has declined in recent years, and cyber crime is surging† (Scanio and Ludwig). Fraudulent activity is everywhere. It is a crime even though there are no victims. Scams, price fixing, wiring accounts, fraud of all sorts, etc are all types of white-collar crimes. Not all crimes that are committed are even performed by the Chief Financial Officer. It has becom e more accessible, to commit these crimes, with the mass amounts of internet and cellular towers available. WhileRead MoreConflict Theory : Conflict Criminology, And Sociology799 Words   |  4 Pages2002). In the 1960s, criminologists began to study the social conditions of the U.S. which promoted class conflict and crime. This paper will discuss how conflict theory relates to both criminology and sociology, how politics play a role in conflict theory, and how politics influence crime rates of the lower class. Also, this paper will evaluate various sociological schools of crime causation. â€Å"Conflict theory is the view that human behavior is shaped by interpersonal conflict and those who maintainRead MoreWhite Collar Street Crime Essay1198 Words   |  5 PagesWhite-Collar Crime or Street Crime: Which is More Costly to Society? What is crime? Merriam-Webster defines crime as â€Å"an act or the commission of an act that is forbidden or the omission of a duty that is commanded by a public law and that makes the offender liable to punishment by that law† (Merriam-Webster). There are many types of crime but the two this paper will focus on are street crime and white- collar crime. There is no definitive definition of street crime, but it is generallyRead MoreThe Growing Problem of White Collar Crimes in India19963 Words   |  80 PagesThe Growing Problem of White Collar Crimes in India â€Å"The practitioners of evil, the hoarders, the profiteers, the black marketers and speculators are the worst enemies of our society. They have to be dealt with sternly, however well placed important and influential they may be; if we acquiesce in wrongdoing, people will lose faith in us†- Dr Radhakrishnan Methodology The research methodology used for the present research article is traditional DoctrinalRead MoreCrimes Of Privilege: White Collar Crimes And The One Percent.1970 Words   |  8 PagesCrimes of Privilege: White Collar Crimes and the One Percent White collar crime has been recognized as something that is an issue since 1939 when it was brought up in a political meeting by Edwin Sutherland. Sutherland was interested in the fact that people of the working class were not being noticed for the crimes that some of them are involved in. The concern was that the criminal activity that was being addressed during this time were predominantly trivial crimes. While they were getting all

Wednesday, December 18, 2019

Antigone And Paradise Lost - 1465 Words

â€Å"To educate a man in mind and not in morals is to educate a menace to society.† (Roosevelt). Since the beginning of time societies have existed, thriving among mankind. Societies dictate norms and regulations for the people living within them by establishing a status quo. Since the status quo exists, a large majority of people alter their actions and words they do and say to fit the societal norm, the status quo in order to seem â€Å"normal†. As common as a status quo is to societies, so is the reality of a rebel: someone who goes against the status quo, such as Antigone. Societies also have people who overly conform, in turn suffering negative consequences, such as Eve. If a comparison of both works (Antigone and Paradise Lost) are taken, it will remain obvious that Antigone materializes as a stronger, more self-independent character who is against the societal norms, whereas Eve lacks enough inner strength and willpower to avoid conforming to the origin of the n egativity of social norms. In general, society is not an evil device to have a part in, rather, it is completely normal. If an individual lives in a community, neighborhood, city, town, village, etc., they belong in a society. Societies provide â€Å"chaos management†; they keep people supposedly in line and provide rules. Rules are not wicked, but sometimes certain rules may go against the morals of a person, making the rules a negative aspect of society. This transforms the relationship of an individual existing inShow MoreRelatedThe Tragedy Of Sophocles Antigone1705 Words   |  7 PagesOn the subject of honorable morality, Antigone possesses the moral high ground in accordance to the Greek expectations of the historical era when compared to the opposition of Creon. Owing to Sophocles’ tragedy known as Antigone, it offers the question of what type of law should be relevant when both divine law and common law clash in their interests. As such, it delves into a com plex setting of a post-civil war Thebes, whereby throughout the entirety of the tragedy the audience learns of the fatesRead MoreAttic Romanticism : Reason And Imagination1705 Words   |  7 Pagesachievement of Attic tragedy and the dramatic dithyramb presents itself before our eyes, as the common goal of both artistic drives, whose secret marriage partnership, after a long antecedent struggle, celebrated itself with such a child, simultaneously Antigone and Cassandra.† (Friedrich Nietzsche on the relationship between the Apollnian and Dionysian) How do both reason and imagination shape poetry? Reason and Imagination are two concepts that seem opposed to one another. Reason is the ability of humansRead MoreHow Do Reason and Imagination Shape Poetry?1979 Words   |  8 Pagesachievement of Attic tragedy and the dramatic dithyramb presents itself before our eyes, as the common goal of both artistic drives, whose secret marriage partnership, after a long antecedent struggle, celebrated itself with such a child, simultaneously Antigone and Cassandra.† (Friedrich Nietzsche on the relationship between the Apollnian and Dionysian) How do both reason and imagination shape poetry? Reason and Imagination are two concepts that seem opposed to one another. Reason is the ability ofRead MoreA Doll House by Henrik Ibsen7379 Words   |  30 Pagesready to disclaim his wife even though she had done it for him. Later when all was solved, Nora had seen that her husband was not worthy of her love and she left him. V. Summary of the Play by Act Act I â€Å"No debts! Never borrow! Something of freedoms lost –something of beauty too—â€Å" (I, 1103) A Dolls House opens as Nora Helmer returns from Christmas shopping. Her husband Torvald

Monday, December 9, 2019

Employees Satisfied With Their Job Roles †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Employees Satisfied With Their Job Roles? Answer: Introduction The following paper focuses on the fact of the different issues that arose within the organization. The organization chosen to complete this assignment is Yellow Auto. This organization has been regarded as the car dealer of the famous automobile company, Renault. As Renaiult has a good worldwide market and it dominates most of the regions in many countries, the same goes with Turkey too. The company Yellow Auto was designed to help the customers who thrive for automobile industry parts. The customers have been increasing in the place they had operated. The area that they served was Bergama, which was a small town near Izmir, considered as one of the biggest cities in Turkey. The condition was much favorable for the company as they got good profits. Later on, problems began to arise and it affected the productivity and sales (Chan, Li Pierce, 2014). These things hampered the companys growth rate as a whole. The problems that arose in this situation will have to be discussed in this paper. Identification of problems The Yellow Auto had been facing many problems that had affected their business in large ways. These problems had cause great losses and hampered their profit in great many ways. The situations turned in such a way that the style of leadership of their top leader Can Sale. According to the case study, the two sons of the founder Deniz Sale took over the business and they took control of the management of the company. The two sons, Can Sale and Caner Sale had put their assertion in the management procedure so distinctively that the decisions and the opinions of the employees and the heads of other departments were scarcely looked after (Blankenship, 2017). As a result, some serious problems had begun to arise within the company. The employees were not at all satisfied with the ways they were treated. They wanted more freedom to take important decisions so they could justify their job positions (Mowday, Porter Steers, 2013). The numerous problems that had arisen had its root in the wrong management processes that was occupied by the top management consultant Can Sale. His daughter Asli Sale was given the duty of the sales director after it was noticed that she was worthy of working with people. These problems were of different kinds like cultural, technological and based on structure as well. Cultural issues Here, the cultural issues define the problems and issues that arose because of adopting a wrong organizational culture (Alvesson, 2017). Any company that adopts a wrong organizational culture suffers from different managerial problems on the long run. At the beginning when Can and Caner Sale took over the management control from their father, they had set up the structure and the departments in a good manner. They had employed more employees that counted up to 52 as they shifted their company to Izmir. The different departments that were divided between the employees were general administration, sales, marketing, in-store sales, active sales and many others (Tanner Raymond, 2012). These departments were designed to act effectively and make profits for the company. Unfortunately, the departments could not cooperate with each other and the Can Sale used to interfere all the matters regarding any issue. The employees and the managers had a lack of understanding and communication between them. The employees even bypassed Asli Sale and wanted to work directly with Can Sale as they knew Can Sale would interfere in their works at a point of time. The in-store sales team and the active sales team had a conflict between them that added fuel to the burning issue of communication problems. The employees were also not satisfied with the physical conditions of the warehouse and the office. They were discontent about the job satisfaction as well. The customers were also not happy with the behav ior of the employees of the company (Sirianni et al., 2013). Technological problems There were some technological problems in the organization as well. The job roles of the sales team employees indicated them to make the calls to the potential customers and take the replies of the customers on note. These things would help them to keep a register of their progress in capturing the market. On the contrary, these phone calls were of no use because those phone calls could not be monitored effectively. The regular phone calls were not useful as well since the entire database of the company was backdated (Cherry Jacob, 2016). The physical condition of the organization was very unhygienic and the heating and ventilation system of the company was not proper as well. No technological support was sought by the top management. The inventory control in the modern times has to be computerized but this was not the case there (Cherry Jacob, 2016). There were no computers to manage the inventory control. As a result of this, there always seemed to be missing parts in the inventory counts as they were either lost or stolen. On the other hand, spare parts personnel were unable to know the exact inventory levels. The repair of the spare parts was delayed because of these problems. Structural problems Some problems in the structure of the organization were also being faced by the Yellow Auto. The company could not imply the proper policies for the customers as well as for the employees. The structure was divided into many parts but the confusion had arisen between them so the conflicts were there as well (Hill, Cronk Wickramasekera, 2013). Yellow Auto could not follow the rules and regulations dictated by the Renault in the issues of financial reporting, customer satisfaction, achieving the target sales and many more. They could not set their target segmentation markets effectively that resulted in the loss of customers. If they had set those things properly, they would have set their target audience by their age, education and income level. The employees were not properly educated for the job roles they were performing then. The sales department became the rivals of each other and the same thing occurred between the after-sale services and spare-parts departments. The change within the company began from 2001 with the help of the management experts and a team of academicians (Hayes, 2014). The change for good was always welcome and the employees would feel better if the conditions improved within the organization. The team spirit had to be improved and the participation of the employees and the other departmental heads had to be taken into account as suggested by the expert tea. This type of change must be transformational rather than transactional. If the employees would be given the exact tasks according to their expertise, they would be benefitted highly (Belbin, 2012). It is almost without any doubt that the employees should not show any kind of resistance in the change within the company. The employees have been victims of much injustice within the company for the autocratic leadership of Can Sale. The employees have long been waiting for a change in the proceedings that have been prevalent in the past years (Boddy, 2014). This would give them the opportunity to do what they want and share their thoughts about the tasks to be performed. This free minded thought process of the employees would be very helpful indeed. This is why they have welcomed this change. There have been many benefits of working with the management experts as the external change agents. Those experts have a high degree of qualification to direct on how they could change the management running systems to develop the conditions in this critical challenging scenario. This would be very interesting indeed. The experts have sorted out some ways about the ways to change the management process and improve it (Goetsch Davis, 2014). The improvement in the management includes participation of the employees in the decision making process, the job satisfaction of the employees is an interesting fact that the employees are much concerned about. The employees will feel relieved as they will be able to view their important opinions (Goetsch Davis, 2014). Summary of the entire matter The entire case study has focused about the different issues and challenges in the Yellow Auto. The changes to curb these problems have been addressed in the case study as well. The different challenges include the cultural, technological and structural challenges. The organizational culture of Yellow Auto has many faults within itself. The top management consultant can Sale has not been able to direct the approaches in the proper way (Goetsch Davis, 2014). The technological problems include the absence of computers in the inventory control. The structural issues like the job dissatisfaction issues and other factors have been identified as well. The miscommunication between the employees and the management is also a relevant problem in the organization. Conclusion The paper can be concluded by saying that despite efforts from the management, Yellow Auto has been running in loss because of the different kinds of challenges addressed. The management of the company will be in great distress because they have directed their approaches in the wrong way. The technological approaches have to be well directed so that Yellow Auto can keep proper records of their new inventory. The employees have to be provided with job satisfaction and the leadership style has to be changed from autocratic to transformational. References Alvesson, M. (2012).Understanding organizational culture. Sage. Belbin, R. M. (2012).Team roles at work. Routledge. Blankenship, L. V. (2017). Organizational Decision-Making.The Administration of Health Systems: Comparative Perspectives, 19. Boddy, C. R. (2014). Corporate psychopaths, conflict, employee affective well-being and counterproductive work behaviour.Journal of Business Ethics,121(1), 107-121. Chan, T. Y., Li, J., Pierce, L. (2014). Learning from peers: Knowledge transfer and sales force productivity growth.Marketing Science,33(4), 463-484. Cherry, B., Jacob, S. R. (2016).Contemporary nursing: Issues, trends, management. Elsevier Health Sciences. Goetsch, D. L., Davis, S. B. (2014).Quality management for organizational excellence. Upper Saddle River, NJ: pearson. Hayes, J. (2014).The theory and practice of change management. Palgrave Macmillan. Hill, C. W., Cronk, T., Wickramasekera, R. (2013).Global business today. McGraw-Hill Education (Australia). Mowday, R. T., Porter, L. W., Steers, R. M. (2013).Employeeorganization linkages: The psychology of commitment, absenteeism, and turnover. Academic press. Sirianni, N. J., Bitner, M. J., Brown, S. W., Mandel, N. (2013). Branded service encounters: Strategically aligning employee behavior with the brand positioning.Journal of Marketing,77(6), 108-123. Tanner, J. F., Raymond, M. A. (2012).Principles of marketing. Flat World Knowledge.

Monday, December 2, 2019

Softball Is A Good Essays - Good Worldwide, Good Music, Good Fight

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Wednesday, November 27, 2019

Culture Report essays

Culture Report essays The Kalapalo Indians of Central Brazil are one of a few surviving indigenous cultures that is uniquely protected by a national reserve in lowland South America. Through no effort of there own, they have been isolated artificially from Brazilian social and economic influences that reach almost every other Indian tribe in Brazil. This unusual situation has made it possible for the Kalapalos culture to be undisturbed by the outside world and the surrounding tribes. Much of Kalapalo life is run through a central concept or an ideal of behavior, called ifutisu. This is an infinite ideological concept that is represented in many ways in social life and ideal organization among the Kalapalo. The area in which the Kalapalo live is in the northeastern Mato Grosso state called Upper Xingu Basin. There are four unintelligible languages by groups in this region. This makes the Upper Xingu Basin linguistically diverse, but with many of the groups still sharing the same social and ideological features. It is very difficult to trace back the origins of Kalapalo life because of the integration of the many different and culturally diverse groups in the Upper Xingu Basin. So, many of systems of kinship classification, marriage practices, ceremonial organizations, status allocation, and religious beliefs are consistent with cultural rules and social practices and not with the original system. Many of the modern local groups can only reconstruct their own history which is in limited detail, these systems cant be isolated completely from the existing society. The two most important social units in Upper Xingu society are the village and the household groups. Both the village and household can be considered corporate in that both control rights to territorial resources, acts as a unit when performing certain economic and ceremonial activities. Members of a household group are obligated to pass out food which they collect amongst themselves...

Saturday, November 23, 2019

Battle of New Orleans in the War of 1812

Battle of New Orleans in the War of 1812 The Battle of New Orleans was fought December 23, 1814-January 8, 1815, during the War of 1812 (1812-1815). Armies Commanders Americans Major General Andrew JacksonCommodore Daniel Pattersonapprox. 4,700-4,800 men British Major General Edward PakenhamVice Admiral Sir Alexander CochraneMajor General John Lambertapprox. 8,000-9,000 men Battle of New Orleans - Background In 1814, with the Napoleonic Wars concluding in Europe, Britain was free to focus its attention on fighting the Americans in North America. The British plan for the year called for three major offensives with one coming from Canada, another striking at Washington, and the third hitting New Orleans. While the thrust from Canada was defeated at the Battle of Plattsburgh by Commodore Thomas MacDonough and Brigadier General Alexander Macomb, the offensive in the Chesapeake region saw some success before being halted at Fort McHenry. A veteran of the latter campaign, Vice Admiral Sir Alexander Cochrane moved south that fall for the attack on New Orleans. Having embarked 8,000-9,000 men, under the command of Major General Edward Pakenham, a veteran of the Duke of Wellingtons Spanish campaigns, Cochranes fleet of around 60 ships arrived off Lake Borgne on December 12. In New Orleans, the defense of the city was tasked to Major General Andrew Jackson, commanding the Seventh Military District, and Commodore Daniel Patterson who oversaw the US Navys forces in the region. Working frantically, Jackson assembled around 4,700 men which included the 7th US Infantry, 58 US Marines, a variety of militia, Jean Lafittes Baratarian pirates, as well as free black and Native American troops (Map). Battle of New Orleans - Fighting on Lake Borgne Desiring to approach New Orleans through Lake Borgne and the adjacent bayous, Cochrane directed Commander  Nicholas Lockyer to assemble a force of 42 armed longboats to sweep American gunboats from the lake.   Commanded by Lieutenant Thomas ap Catesby Jones, American forces on Lake Borgne numbered five gunboats and two small sloops of war.   Departing on December 12, Lockyers 1,200-man force located Jones squadron 36 hours later.   Closing with the enemy, his men were able to board the American vessels and overwhelm their crews.   Though a victory for British, the engagement delayed their advance and gave Jackson additional time to prepare his defenses.   Battle of New Orleans - The British Approach With the lake open, Major General John Keane landed on Pea Island and established a British garrison. Pushing forward, Keane and 1,800 men reached the east bank of the Mississippi River approximately nine miles south of the city on December 23 and encamped on the Lacoste Plantation. Had Keane continued his advance up the river, he would have found the road to New Orleans undefended.   Alerted to the British presence by  Colonel Thomas Hinds dragoons, Jackson reportedly proclaimed  By the Eternal, they shall not sleep on our soil and commenced preparations for an immediate strike against the enemy camp. Early that evening, Jackson arrived north of Keanes position with 2,131men.   Launching a three-pronged attack on the camp, a sharp fight ensued that saw American forces inflict 277 (46 killed) casualties while sustaining 213 (24 killed). Falling back after the battle, Jackson established a line along the Rodriguez Canal four miles south of the city at Chalmette. Though a tactical victory for Keane, the American attack put the British commander off balance, causing him to delay any advance on the city. Using this time, Jacksons men began fortifying the canal, dubbing it Line Jackson. Two days later, Pakenham arrived on the scene and was angered by the armys position opposite an increasingly strong fortification. Though Pakenham initially wished to move the army through the Chef Menteur Pass to Lake Pontchartrain, he was convinced by his staff to move against Line Jackson as they believed the small American force could be easily defeated. Repelling British probing attacks on December 28, Jacksons men began eight constructing batteries along the line and on the west bank of the Mississippi. These were supported by the sloop of war USS Louisiana (16 guns) in the river.   As Pakenhams main force arrived on January 1, an artillery duel began between the opposing forces. Though several American guns were disabled, Pakenham elected to delay his main attack. Battle of New Orleans - Pakenhams Plan For his main assault, Pakenham wished an attack on both sides of the river. A force under Colonel William Thornton was to cross to the west bank, assault the American batteries, and turn their guns on Jacksons line. As this occurred, the main body of the army would attack Line Jackson with Major General Samuel Gibbs advancing on the right, with Keane to his left. A smaller force under Colonel Robert Rennie would move forward along the river. This plan quickly ran into problems as difficulties arose getting the boats to move Thorntons men from Lake Borne to the river. While a canal had been constructed, it began to collapse and the dam intended to divert water into the new channel failed. As a result, the boats had to be dragged through the mud leading to a 12-hour delay. As a result, Thornton was late in crossing on the night of January 7/8 and the current forced him to land further downstream than intended. Despite knowing that Thornton would not be in place to attack in concert with the army, Pakenham elected to move forward. Additional delays soon occurred when Lieutenant Colonel Thomas Mullens 44th Irish Regiment, which was meant to lead Gibbs attack and bridge the canal with ladders and fascines, could not be found in the morning fog. With dawn approaching, Pakenham ordered the attack to begin. While Gibbs and Rennie advanced, Keane was further delayed. Battle of New Orleans - Standing Firm As his men moved onto the Chalmette plain, Pakenham hoped that the dense fog would provide some protection. This was soon dashed as the fog melted away under the morning sun. Seeing the British columns before their line, Jacksons men opened an intense artillery and rifle fire upon the enemy. Along the river, Rennies men succeeded in taking a redoubt in front of the American lines. Storming inside, they were halted by fire from the main line and Rennie was shot dead. On the British right, Gibbs column, under heavy fire, was approaching the ditch in front of the American lines but lacked the fascines to cross (Map). With his command falling apart, Gibbs was soon joined by Pakenham who led the wayward 44th Irish forward. Despite their arrival, the advance remained stalled and Pakenham was soon wounded in the arm. Seeing Gibbs men faltering, Keane foolishly ordered the 93rd Highlanders to angle across the field to their aid. Absorbing fire from the Americans, the Highlanders soon lost their commander, Colonel Robert Dale. With his army collapsing, Pakenham ordered Major General John Lambert to lead the reserves forward. Moving to rally the Highlanders, he was struck in the thigh, and then mortally wounded in the spine. The loss of Pakenham was soon followed by the death of Gibbs and the wounding of Keane. In a matter of minutes, the entirety of British senior command on the field was down. Leaderless, British troops remained on the killing field. Pushing forward with the reserves, Lambert was met by the remnants of the attack columns as they fled towards the rear. Seeing the situation as hopeless, Lambert pulled back. The only success of the day came across the river where Thorntons command overwhelmed the American position. This too was surrendered though after Lambert learned that it would take 2,000 men to hold the west bank. Battle of New Orleans - Aftermath The victory at New Orleans on January 8 cost Jackson around 13 killed, 58 wounded, and 30 captured for a total of 101. The British reported their losses as 291 killed, 1,262 wounded, and 484 captured/missing for a total of 2,037. A stunningly one-sided victory, the Battle of New Orleans was the signature American land victory of the war. In the wake of the defeat, Lambert and Cochrane withdrew after bombarding Fort St. Philip. Sailing to Mobile Bay, they captured Fort Bowyer in February and made preparations for attacking Mobile. Before the attack could go forward, the British commanders learned that a peace treaty had been signed at Ghent, Belgium. In fact, the treaty had been signed on December 24, 1814, prior to the majority of the fighting in New Orleans. Though the United States Senate had yet to ratify the treaty, its terms stipulated that fighting should cease. While the victory at New Orleans did not influence the content of the treaty, it did aid in forcing the British to abide by its terms. In addition, the battle made Jackson a national hero and aided in propelling him to the presidency. Selected Sources US Army Center for Military History: Battle of New OrleansAndrew Jackson: Leading the Battle of New OrleansJean Lafitte National Historical Park

Thursday, November 21, 2019

American Literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

American Literature - Essay Example These descriptions of his voyages, the land and the people he had seen in these places are what drove Spain to Hispaniola. Here, they set up colonies that led to problems for the local inhabitants of those lands who had previously lived in peace. Bartolome de las Casas (Burrell 38 - 39) fought against the ill treatment that the Indians from Hispaniola faced at the time. The Spanish had taken over the islands belonging to the Indians and taken the inhabitants as slaves. They had taken their land and drove them to less habitable areas while taking all the food they produced. The Spanish broke the existing family structures that were in place in the island. Families were separated through death when some of their members were killed. Others were taken away to Spain as slaves to work in plantations, in the mines to harvest gold and in the sea harvesting pearls. The Indians who had been peacefully living in their islands as families faced life threatening difficulties with the arrival of the European man. Conquest of New Spain†, it is evident that there were various similarities between the indigenous culture and the European culture at the time. Both cultures had well established cosmologies, high nobles, a priestly class and elected officials. Montezuma was the elected Emperor of Mexico at the time. These civilizations also both had warriors and a sophisticated division of labor that allowed them to conduct their daily affairs in an organized manner. Both cultures engaged in pottery and ceramics, metallurgy, weaving for basketry and clothing. These two cultures were both very advanced with well-developed social structures that enabled them to acquire beauty and wealth that allowed them to survive during their time

Tuesday, November 19, 2019

Examining the Skills of Famous Business Leaders Research Paper

Examining the Skills of Famous Business Leaders - Research Paper Example This paper analyses the leadership style of these two individuals. Oprah Winfrey was born on January 29, 1954 in Kosciusko Mississippi on January 29, 1954 (Achievement, 2009). She started her career as a radio broadcaster. She showed early on in her career the ability to communicate with others and to captivate the attention of large audiences. In 1985 she started the talk show â€Å"The Oprah Winfrey Show† which soon became the nation’s top talk show nationwide. Oprah Winfrey’s leadership style can be categorized as a charismatic leader. Charismatic leaders are those leaders who by force of their abilities are capable of having a profound and extraordinary effect on their followers (Schermerhorn, et. al. 2003). Alan Greenspan was born on March 6, 1926. He majored in economics from the University of New York. Some of his professional accomplishment includes being the top economics consultant for the firm Townsend-Greenspan, advisor to President Nixon, and advisor in the Ford presidency (Answers, 2009). His greatest professional goal was becoming the president of the federal reserve from 1987-2006. Mr. Greenspan was a powerful figure in US political regime that was considered the most powerful financial leader during his tenured as head of Fed. His leadership style can be categorized as a transactional leadership. Transactional leadership behavior focuses on the accomplishment of tasks and good worker relationships in exchange for desirable rewards in the workplace (Leadingtoday, 2003). The leadership style of Oprah Winfrey is much different that the leadership style of Mr. Greenspan. Oprah utilized her outgoing personality to inspire others, while Alan utilize his legitimate power to dictate the economic policies the country would follow as far as monetary policy is concern. Greenspan had many people that disagreed with his decisions who became adversaries of his regime. Oprah utilized

Sunday, November 17, 2019

School Life Essay Example for Free

School Life Essay Then BOOM my alarm clock goes off to wake my brother and I up to get ready for school, but this was all put to the side by our mother coming in to the room telling us that she would have to work a few extra hours. Wake your but up! Is what I yelled to my brother as I had always did he consistently showed himself to be the lazy one who would just breeze through life without a care in the world. He replied back with the bad morning breath, â€Å"Leave, me, alone its only 6:30 school doesn’t start until 7:30. Me as usual I got up pulled him out of bed until he hit the floor then started my routine to get ready for the day’s events. Oh yeah my name is Gerard by the way. I carried myself across the dimly lit hall towards the bathroom. As I flicked on the light switch, I first noticed this hair pick still stuck in the side of my head. I immediately grabbed it and started to fix my hair. As I stand in front of the mirror looking back at my own reflection, wondering why, does school start this early in the morning, I grabbed the toothbrush and toothpaste and began to a make it happen. My brother’s name is Joel, and he could care less of his appearance, because he always thought that he was God’s gift to the ladies. Most of his attire consisted of whatever he felt like grabbing out of the closet or the first thing he could get his hands on. He didn’t care if he was all wrinkled, his excuse was that they’ll be gone throughout the day plus now one would notice them anyway because that’s how he rolled. You would have thought that he just came from summer camp playing rugby with a few of his friends before school started. As he came into the bathroom besides me to wash up and get ready, I could always here him saying thanks for getting me up too, knowing that being the older sibling I couldn’t just let him be late for school besides our mother would have killed me. As I look at the clock I notice that we are right on schedule, its 7:00 and time to wake my sister Latoya, she’s in middle school and does not experience the rush that my brother and I go thru being that the two of us share a room and sometimes wrestle to get around to what we need to be done. The time is now 7:10, and it’s time for us to leave the house headed for school since we live only a quarter of a mile away from the school we can pretty much toss a couple of rocks a few times and we’re there. The only downside is that sometimes we get too complacent living so close to the school that we end up thinking there’s more time and end up cutting it close to getting to class on time or worse being late and end up with detention. As we get to school they are still selling breakfast its usually something simple like garlic cheesy bread or the cinnamon sugar rolls that are so delicious. But we cannot stand in line and enjoy them today because the first school bell rings and that signifies things need to get closed out and you need to put your thinking caps on. As we exited the cafeteria it was 7:25 and the start of the school day and the final bell rings at 1:50. Joel and I always knew that we would see each other at our lunch period odd as it seems I was a senior and he was a sophomore, but hey, that’s how the schedules came out. We couldn’t control the outcomes of what we wanted to do we could always find some sort of time to throw a wise crack at one another.

Thursday, November 14, 2019

Essay on The Redemption of King Lear -- King Lear essays

The Redemption of King Lear? Shakespeare’s play, King Lear is quite renowned and the folly of the ancient King is a great example of how not to handle family relationships. The question has been proposed if King Lear is redeemed when reunited with Cordelia. King Lear does achieve a kind of redemption when he is reunited with Cordelia in Acts IV and V of the tragedy. What kind of redemption he achieves is open to interpretation. In order to understand the King's redemption, it must be determined what the King is redeemed from. Once this sin is established, an analysis can be made as to when the King is redeemed, and how. I propose that King Lear's folly, for which he is later redeemed occurs in Act I scene 1. As an opening scene should, this scene sets up all the characters of the play. In this scene, Lear intends to divide his kingdom among his daughters based on their flattery in professing their love for him. This superficial nature is a flaw in the King's character. King Lear's oldest two daughters, Goneril and Regan, flatter the King to his liking, easily deceiving him. Cordelia, the young daughter prefers to "Love, and be silent."(892). The King is enraged at Cordelia's silence, even though in truth she loves the king more than her sisters. King Lear disowns Cordelia: Let it be so! Thy truth, then be thy dower! &... ...sp; And ask of thee forgiveness. So we'll live, And pray and sing and tell old tales, and laugh . . . The gods themselves throw incense. Have I caught thee? He that parts us shall bring a brand from heavens (959). Unfortunately the King's redemption is short for the ending of the play is in the true nature of a tragedy, and in fact epitomizes the genre.

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

African americans and Native americans Essay

African Americans and American Indians or Native Americans are two of the major subordinate groups in America today. They face many forms of oppression from the dominant group and have many things in common when it comes to this oppression. I would like to focus on five specific types of oppression they face: stigmatization, segregation, ethnocentrism, prejudice, and discrimination. African Americans are facing stigmatization far less these days, but if one looks back a half-century, they will find countless examples. Stigmatization can include the de-humanization, labeling, characterizing, and degrading of a group. During slavery, blacks were stigmatized into the happy and carefree characters Mammy and Sambo. This was done to show that slavery was good and blacks probably wouldn’t be able to function in free society. When slaves were freed, blacks were painted as savages that could not be trusted to live normally. Caricatures of blacks with exaggerated features and portraits of the characters Sambo and Mammy still exist today. For Native Americans, stigmatization is far worse. Countless sports teams have a Native American as their mascot, some having very derogatory names such as the Washington Redskins. â€Å"Indians† were also portrayed as evil in countless western movies and as ruthless savages in others. These stigmatizations make â€Å"Indians† seem more like fantasy characters than real people. Many people do not realize that these stigmatizations are very hurtful and detrimental to society. Segregation, the separation of two or more groups based on physical characteristics, is another issue that still plagues African Americans and Native Americans. From the moment Europeans set foot on what is now America, they have been forcing â€Å"Indians† farther and farther west. The American government created reservations for the â€Å"Indians† so that they could have the valuable resources that they â€Å"needed†. Treaties were signed and broken, and the â€Å"Indians† moved farther along the Trail of Tears. Reservations still exist today and for the most part Native Americans have are not integrated into American society. Most would like to think that after the Supreme Court case Brown vs. Board of Education, segregation no longer exists for African Americans. Sure it’s not like we still have separate drinking fountains, but by and large blacks and whites are separate. In all major cities large housing projects have been created for low-income persons. The vast majority of the people living there are black. Most inner city schools are almost entirely made up of minorities. Legal segregation is no longer a problem anymore, but social segregation is still a major problem in society today and something needs to be done. Ethnocentrism is the feeling by one group that they are superior to another based on ethnic background. Native Americans have always been the victims of this. They were forced to leave their homeland by the â€Å"superior† Europeans and thought not good enough to live among them. Native Americans still live mostly separate and many people still degrade them and think of them as inferior both mentally and physically. Most people have not been exposed to them yet judge them anyways. This is very sad and disturbing. African Americans were thought of as the lowest, stupidest, least civilized people on earth. The whites thought they were far superior and showed this by literally stealing African Americans from their homeland of Africa and forcing to into slave labor. Even after slavery, white supremacy groups such as the KKK still exist and continue to be a proponent for the inferiority of African Americans. Many think of blacks as being less far less intelligent and civilized even today. Prejudice and discrimination are two of the biggest problems facing African and Native Americans today, and the two go hand in hand. Prejudice involves negative attitudes towards ethnic groups, which can include beliefs, thoughts, and stereotypes. Discrimination is taking action on these prejudices by denying certain rights and opportunities to these groups. Prejudice leads to discrimination of these groups. African Americans as well as Native Americans are discriminated against in employment opportunities, housing options, public school resources, and countless other ways. They are  discriminated against because of these prejudices and stereotypes.For example, say a black man walks into a store with his white friend. The employees of the store are more likely to offer service to the white man and will probably follow the black man to make sure he is not shoplifting. The prejudice views they hold cause them to discriminate against the black man. These problems are very real even today and unless society as a whole addresses them and ways to stop them, they will continue to destroy the fabric of our country.

Sunday, November 10, 2019

Taiwan Scholarship Program Guidelines

The Taiwan Scholarship Program Guidelines are duly enacted in accordance with Article 4 of the Taiwan Scholarship2.Types of Scholarships and benefits:Undergraduate Scholarships: These scholarships are for foreign students who want to pursue undergraduate studies at universities/colleges in Taiwan. A stipend of NT$25,000 per month per student will be provided. (2) Master’s Scholarships: Scholarships in the amount of NT$30,000 per month will be provided for qualified foreign students who want to pursue their master’s degrees at universities/colleges in Taiwan. (3) Ph.D. Scholarships: Scholarships in the amount of NT$30,000 per month will be provided for qualified foreign students who want to pursue their Ph.D. degrees at universities/colleges in Taiwan.The aforementioned scholarships will be under the supervision of the universities/colleges and stipends will be awarded monthly based on the students’ attendance records and academic performance. Tuition, accommodati on, insurance and miscellaneous fees are all included in the scholarships herein stated. For the scholarships, which are sponsored by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of China (ROC), each student will be provided with a stipend of NT$30,000 per month, plus an economy airfare for direct roundtrip flights. 3.Quotas and Scholarships Offered by Government Agencies:Taiwan scholarship quotas will be discussed and decided by the Taiwan Scholarship Management and Promotion Committee and are contingent upon the annual budget allotments. Taiwan Scholarships are funded by the Ministry of Education (MOE), the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA), the National Science Council of the Executive Yuan (NSC) and the Ministry of Economic Affairs (MOEA). Scholarships offered by the aforementioned agencies are as follows:(1) MOE: Undergraduate/Masters’s/ Ph.D. Scholarships; (2) MOFA: Undergraduate Scholarships; (3) NSC: Master’s/ Ph.D. Scholarships; and (4) MOEA: Masterâ€℠¢s/ Ph.D. Scholarships; limited to graduate degree programs and are related to science, engineering, agriculture, medicine and hi-tech  fields. Recipients, whose scholarships are sponsored by the MOE or MOFA, may attend Language Enrichment Programs (Hereinafter referred to as LEP) in University-affiliated Chinese Language Centers (Hereinafter referred to as language centers) in Taiwan up to one year, in order to improve their language proficiency, before beginning their degree programs.A stipend of NT$25,000 for MOE recipients, and NT$30,000 for MOFA recipients per month, per student will be provided. Those who apply for the Master’s and/or Ph.D. Scholarships from the NSC and MOEA can not apply for the Language Enrichment Program.4. Duration of Scholarships:(1) Undergraduate Scholarships: maximum four years; (2) Master’s Scholarships: maximum two years; and (3) Ph.D. Scholarships: maximum three years.The total and maximum number of years for foreign students to recei ve scholarships (including LEP) will be five years. In principle, scholarships will begin from August 1 of each year and continue until July 31, of the following year. Scholarship recipients who are approved for summer programs or LEP may be assigned different scholarship award dates. If the recipient fails to enroll before the semester starts, the scholarship will begin from the month he/she arrives in Taiwan to study. Scholarships will begin from the month of student enrollment and will stop when the scholarship ends, the recipient graduates, drops out, is expelled, or upon cancellation of the scholarship, whichever comes first. Scholarship applicants shall not accept more than one scholarship issued by ROC (Taiwan) governmental agencies and/or educational institutions at the same time.If the applicant was granted more than one scholarship, he/she shall select only one scholarship to receive; if an applicant is found to be receiving more than one scholarship at the same time, the applicant shall be disqualified and asked to return the scholarship money already received.5. Qualifications: Applicants must meet the following requirements: (1) They should have a good academic record and moral character; (2) They should neither be Overseas Chinese Students nor ROC nationals; (3) They should not be scholarship recipients from other ROC government agencies or institutions in Taiwan; (4) They should not be exchange students who are admitted in accordance with academic cooperation agreements made between local educational universities/  colleges and foreign educational institutions;(5) They should not have had their scholarships cancelled in accordance with these Guidelines; (6) They should not have received Taiwan Scholarships of the same type; (7) The total duration of their scholarship(s) should not exceed 5 years; (8) They should not be foreign students who have already enrolled at local educational institutions at their own expense. (However, they will be elig ible to apply to individual universities/colleges for Foreign Students’ Scholarships, which are subsidized by the MOE.)6. Application Process:(1) Procedure: The overseas missions of the ROC should refer to MOE Regulations Regarding International Students undertaking Studies in Taiwan and these Guidelines while receiving and reviewing applications either independently or in joint cooperation with foreign local governments, schools, or cultural and educational institutions. Each year, by the end of January, the overseas missions should report their selection and assessment methods (through meetings or paper review) regarding these scholarships to the related government agencies and the MOE. (2) Application Period: Annually from February 1st through the end of March.(3) Required Documents: Applicants need to submit the following documents: A. Taiwan Scholarship Application Form (Form A with Study Plan; the format will be regulated by the MOE); B. Proof of highest educational qua lifications and academic performance; C. Proof of application to enroll at local universities/colleges and/or language centers (e.g. a copy of the application form); and D. Other documents as requested by the overseas missions of the ROC.(4) Selection: After reviewing the application documents, the overseas missions will select eligible scholarship candidates, as well as alternatives and create a list. This list will be sent to the related universities/colleges or language centers by the end of April for their reference. Copies of this list will also be provided to the related government agencies and the MOE. (5) Approval: Applicants are responsible for their application process to the universities/colleges or language centers that they would like to attend. Each school and/or language center shall refer to the guidelines of individual schools admission process for foreign students and begin the application review process. The school and/or language center should notify candidates, of their final decision, no  later than mid-June.(6) Notification of Admission: Applicants, upon receiving their admission letter, need to submit a copy of the admission letter to the designated respective overseas missions in order to secure their scholarship by no later than the end of June. Late submission of these documents, after the deadline will be deemed as a waiver for accepting the scholarship. In this case, the respective overseas mission should send a scholarship award letter to all qualified recipients and inform the alternative(s) in order to fill any vacancy(s). Candidates will be disqualified if they fail to pass the application review process of respective schools.(7) Acceptance Lists: By the end of July, the overseas missions should provide recipient acceptance lists, which will include their legal names, Chinese names, nationalities, gender, scholarship sponsoring agencies, type of scholarship, duration of scholarship, admitting universities/colleges and/or lang uage centers, highest educational qualifications, references of the recipients and other information to the related government agencies (including the MOE) and universities/colleges and/or language centers involved.The overseas missions shall also provide such information to the Bureau of Consular Affairs of the MOFA and the National Police Agency of Ministry of Interior, in order to assist them with their follow-up procedures. In case of special conditions or failure to complete the aforementioned processes, before the required deadlines, the overseas missions should report such circumstances to the related government agencies for approval (and inform the MOE of such events). (8) For those recipients whose scholarships are funded by the MOFA, the respective ROC overseas missions will purchase one-way economy airfare tickets to Taiwan for the recipients.The overseas missions need to submit the original receipts and copies of passenger coupons to the MOFA in order to be reimbursed. T he return economy airfare tickets will be bought by the MOFA. 7. Renewal process for scholarship recipients in Taiwan before the expiration of scholarships and the application for enrollment: (1) Recipients who want to pursue further study programs need to follow the terms found in Subparagraph (2) and (3) of this Article. For other recipients in Taiwan, who wish to renew their scholarships (in August), they have to submit each year a Taiwan Scholarship Application Form (Form B; the format will be regulated by the MOE) and reports of their academic  performance to their universities/colleges by the end of February.The universities/colleges will review their applications to see if they are qualified and send the list to the related government agencies (including the MOE) for review in order to reserve the number of scholarship recipients and follow the Article 10 for allocation. (2) The MOE may assist recipients who have been approved for scholarships up to five years (the LEP and undergraduate degree programs) in applying to enroll undergraduate programs. If the said recipients are unable to apply to universities/colleges on their own, they may submit their reports of academic performance (including the academic records for each year of their highest study, including language center records) and the Admission Assistance Application Form (the format will be regulated by the MOE) to the language centers.These language centers will coordinate all forms and send them to the MOE. The MOE will assist in selecting the proper universities, according to the recipients’ wishes and levels of language proficiency. Applicants should agree to abide by all final arrangements. (3) Scholarship recipients, who wish to continue to study for their master or doctoral degrees, upon completion of their previous course of study, need to apply for the admission to the new degree program on their own. (4) Universities/colleges that accept these scholarship recipients, as state d in Subparagraph (2) and (3) of this Article, shall submit the lists to the related government agencies (including the MOE) by the end of June for review, in order to reserve the number of scholarship recipients and follow Article 10 for allocation.8. Application process for re-applying for Taiwan Scholarships after the scholarships expire: Scholarship recipients who have already studied in Taiwan will be regarded as new students after the expiration of their scholarships. If they wish to re-apply for other types of scholarship and pursue further degree programs here, they need to follow Article 6 of these Guidelines and submit the Taiwan Scholarship Application Form (Form A) and their academic records to the ROC overseas missions by the end of March. The total duration of their scholarship period cannot exceed five years, as regulated by Article 4 Paragraph 2 of the Guidelines. Undergraduate, Master’s and Doctoral Scholarships recipients whose scholarship period was awarded for only one year, in accordance to the previous version of these Guidelines, should renew their scholarships following Article 7 Subparagraph(1) of these Guidelines, and are not subject to the regulations stated in the previous Paragraph of this Article. 9. The Suspension and Cancellation of Scholarships:(1) LEP students: A. If a student is absent for more than ten hours of class (serious illness and accidents excluded) within a single month, the language centers will suspend his/her scholarship the following month. B. Starting from the second quarter of study in Taiwan, if a student’s academic average is less than 80%, his/her scholarships for the next quarter will be suspended for one month. If a student’s academic average is less than 80% for two consecutive quarters, his/her scholarship status will be cancelled beginning with the next quarter.The remainder of the scholarship will also be cancelled. C. If a student is suspended from or drops out of school, the lan guage center will suspend his/her scholarship and inform the related government agencies in writing (including the MOE) in order to cancel his/her scholarship status. The remaining scholarships will also be cancelled. (2) Undergraduate/ Master’s/ Ph.D. students:A. For those Undergraduate/ Master’s scholarships recipients who are in each year of their study; Ph.D. scholarships recipients who are in the first two years of their study, if their academic average is below the passing standard set up by the school for any given semester, their school will suspend their scholarships for one month beginning with the next semester. If the schools have not set up an academic grading standard, then an undergraduate student’s academic average cannot be less than 60%, while a master and doctoral student’s academic average cannot be less than 70%. If a student is below passing for two consecutive semesters, their scholarship status will be cancelled starting the next s emester. Their remaining scholarships will also be cancelled.For those who are in their third year of a doctoral program, they must submit their thesis proposals to their schools, by the end of October of that year. Scholarships will be granted each month, if the schools approve the students’ proposals. Otherwise, scholarships will be suspended until proposals are approved, and will resume beginning from the month of approval. C. If a student is suspended from or  drops out of school, his/her school will automatically suspend his/her scholarships and inform the related government agencies in writing (including the MOE) in order to cancel his/her scholarship status.The remaining scholarships will also be cancelled. 10. The Allocation and Verification of Scholarships Accounts: (1) Allocation: Universities/colleges need to make a list of scholarship recipients and vouchers based on the various types of scholarships provided by the different government agencies. Universities/ c olleges should enclose their list of qualified recipients and vouchers, and apply to the MOFA or the MOE (scholarship stipends provided by the NSC and the MOEA are handled through the MOE; it should be noted on each voucher that the MOE is in charge of the allocation of funds for scholarships) for appropriation in January and August. Each institution will directly pay a monthly stipend to the students or to their accounts.(2) Verification of Scholarship Financial Transactions or Reports: A. For scholarships provided by MOFA, universities/colleges need to provide student signed receipts, or documents which show that money has been transferred into the students’ bank accounts, to the MOFA for verification in August and December. B. For scholarships provided by the NSC and the MOEA, universities/colleges need to provide three copies of financial transaction reports (signed by the head of the universities/colleges, accountants and cashiers) and any remainder of the stipends to th e MOE (for it to make a transfer to the NSC and the MOEA at the end of fiscal year in order to close the case) in August and December.C. For scholarships provided by the MOE, universities/colleges need to provide two copies of financial transaction reports (signed by the head of the universities/colleges, accountants and cashiers) and any remainder of the stipends to the MOE in August and December. Universities/colleges need to also keep the original copies for the Ministry of Audit or other related authorities for review. 11. Emergency Deductions: In case of financial difficulties, a scholarship recipient may request that the school deduct tuition, miscellaneous expenses, insurance premiums and other payable fees in a lump sum or in installments from his/her award, and issue the remaining amount to the scholarship recipient.12. Transferring to other schools: If scholarship recipients need to transfer to other institutions due to health, psychological reasons or special environmenta l surroundings, they need to follow MOE Regulations Regarding International Students undertaking Studies in Taiwan. If the institution or language center agrees to their transfer, these institutions must inform the related government agencies (including the MOE) for future review. Only one transfer is permitted. 13. Additional Information:(1) The MOE may allocate administration subsidies to institutions that join the Taiwan Scholarships Program and set aside a budget to assist institutions in setting up an information service center, in order to strengthen communication and the governing system for scholarships students. (2) ROC overseas missions shall organize orientations, in order to provide scholarship recipients with relevant information, before they travel to Taiwan. (3) ROC overseas missions shall be aware, if a student gives up his/her opportunity to come to Taiwan. If such a case happens, the ROC overseas missions will replace this student with another alternative.(4) Schol arship recipients should arrive at their designated universities/colleges or language centers prior to the day of registration. Institutions should report the names of those who fail to register, to the related government agencies (including the MOE), by the end of October. (5) Medical insurance fees are already included in the stipends. Universities/colleges and language centers should require that scholarship recipients join the National Health Insurance plan. Scholarship recipients must purchase other forms of medical insurance before enrolling in the National Health Insurance plan. The premium of the medical insurance plan will be deducted from the scholarships; the remaining scholarship money will be given to the scholarship recipients.(6) The ROC overseas missions should ask scholarship recipients to provide them with academic records or a report, postal and email addresses, within one month of the return to their respective countries after they complete their studies in Taiwa n. (7) Each year by the end of October, the ROC overseas missions need to send a comprehensive evaluation, which should include each student’s academic records and the other materials as stated in the Subparagraph (6) of this Article, to all the related government agencies (including the MOFA and the MOE) (8) To improve healthcare services for MOFA scholarship recipients,  the MOFA may arrange health examinations for the recipients.The MOFA shall coordinate with schools and hospitals for such examinations, with fees to be covered by its Taiwan Scholarship budget. 14. The selection process regarding the Taiwan Scholarships, their types, benefits and duration will be subject to the terms regulated in the above Guidelines. Scholarships, which have been awarded due to bilateral negotiations, cultural and educational agreements, or based on the terms of equality and reciprocity, or special circumstances, approved by heads of government agencies are not subject to the terms and r egulations under these Guidelines.

Thursday, November 7, 2019

Martin Luther Essays - Augustinian Friars, English-language Films

Martin Luther Essays - Augustinian Friars, English-language Films Martin Luther Martin Luther was a German theologian and religious reformer that had a great impact on not only religion but also on politics, economics, education and language. Martin Luther was born in the town of Eisleben, Germany, on November 10, 1483, (Encarta 1). His father Hans Luther, was a worker in the copper mines in Mansfield. His mother was Margaret. Martin grew up in a home where parents prayed faithfully to the saints and taught their children to do the same. His father and mother loved their children dearly, but were also very strict with them. Luther said, my father once whipped me so that I ran away and felt ugly toward him until he was at pains to win me back. My mother once beat me until the blood flowed, for having stolen a miserable nut. (Luther 31) When Martin was five years old, he went to school in Mansfeld, where his parents had moved about a year after he was born. The subjects taught at this school was the Ten Commandments, the Creed, the Lord's Prayer, church music, together with some Latin and arithmetic. (Catholic Encyclopedia 1) The sad part of the instruction was that Martin and his fellow pupils learned little about the love of God. They learned to know Jesus, not as the Friend of sinners, but as the Judge. They feared Jesus, but did not love him. The schoolmasters in my days were tyrants and executioners; the schools were jails and hells! And in spite of fear and misery, floggings and tremblings, nothing was learned, Luther said. (Luther 31) Despite the conditions at Mansfield, Martin learned rapidly, for he was a bright boy and studied diligently. At the age of twelve he was admitted to the Latin High School at Magdeburg, sixty miles from his home. Here, for the first time, Luther found a Bible. Most of his teachers at Magdeburg were members of the Brethren of the Common Life. This is the first place where he feels his first desire to enter into the religious community. The next year his father transferred him to a school on Eisenach, wishing him to become a lawyer. Here a young woman, Mrs. Ursala Cotta, took a special liking to him. At one time, when a group of boys was singing before her house, she invited Martin in and offered him free lodging. He accepted. He received free meals in another house where he taught a young child of the family. Luther was now free to devote more time to his studies. Since the Cotta family was a cultured family, Luther's stay in this home taught him to appreciate such things as music and art and helped him to develop especially his remarkable talent for music. By the time Luther was far enough advanced to enter the university his father had become a prosperous man. He went from being a miner to being the owner of many small foundries. He could now afford to give Martin a college education. Recognizing the gifts of his son, the father intended that his son should become a lawyer and therefore sent him to the University of Erfurt in 1501 at the age of seventeen. (Encarta 2) Here again the young student prayed and studied constantly. To increase his knowledge, Luther spent much time at the library. Discipline was as strict as it had been at Megdeberg and Eisenach. The students were awakened at 4:00 AM. Lectures began as the sun rose and continued until 5:00 PM. The first meal of the day was at 10:00 AM. The students hurried from class to class, pausing only for the briefest of conversations before the next lecture commenced, whispering quietly to each other in the required Latin, (Luther 34). In 1505 at the age of twenty-one he was awarded th e Master of Arts degree. (Encarta 2). He now had the right to teach and was able to register for a law course. To please his father, Martin remained on at the University to read law, but he soon lost interest in that subject. More and more he studied religion and worried over his sinful condition. But no matter how hard he tried to please God, he couldn't find peace of

Tuesday, November 5, 2019

Pericardiumâ€Anatomy and Function

Pericardium- Anatomy and Function The pericardium is the fluid-filled sac that surrounds the heart and the proximal ends of the aorta, venae cavae, and the pulmonary artery. The heart and pericardium are situated behind the sternum (breastbone) in a position in the middle of the chest cavity known as the mediastinum. The pericardium serves as an outer protective covering of the heart, a vital organ of the circulatory system and cardiovascular system. The primary function of the heart is to help circulate blood to the tissues and organs of the body. Function of the Pericardium The pericardium has several protective functions: Keeps the heart contained within the chest cavityPrevents the heart from over-expanding when blood volume increasesLimits heart motionReduces friction between the heart and surrounding tissuesProtects the heart against infection While the pericardium provides a number of valuable functions, it is not essential for life. The heart can maintain normal function without it. Pericardial Membranes The pericardium is divided into three membrane layers: Fibrous pericardium is the outer fibrous sac that covers the heart. It provides an outer protective layer that is attached to the sternum by  sternopericardial ligaments. Fibrous pericardium helps to keep the heart contained within the chest cavity. It also protects the heart from an infection that could potentially spread from nearby organs such as the lungs.Parietal pericardium is the layer between the fibrous pericardium and visceral pericardium. It is continuous with fibrous pericardium and provides an additional layer of insulation for the heart.Visceral pericardium is both the inner layer of the pericardium and the outer layer of the heart wall. Also known as the epicardium, this layer protects the inner heart layers and also assists in the production of pericardial fluid. Epicardium consists of connective tissue elastic fibers and adipose (fat) tissue, which help to support and protect the inner heart layers. Oxygen-rich blood is supplied to the epicardium and inner heart la yers by the coronary arteries. Pericardial Cavity The pericardial cavity lies between the visceral pericardium and the parietal pericardium. This cavity is filled with pericardial fluid which serves as a shock absorber by reducing friction between the pericardial membranes. There are two pericardial sinuses that pass through the pericardial cavity. A sinus is a passageway or channel. The transverse pericardial sinus is positioned above the left atrium of the heart, anterior to the superior vena cava and posterior to the pulmonary trunk and ascending aorta. The oblique pericardial sinus is situated posteriorly to the heart and is bounded by the inferior vena cava and pulmonary veins. Heart Exterior The surface layer of the heart (epicardium) is directly below the fibrous and parietal pericardium. The external heart surface contains grooves or sulci, which provide passageways for blood vessels of the heart. These sulci run along lines that separate atria from ventricles (atrioventricular sulcus) as well as right and left sides of ventricles (interventricular sulcus). Main blood vessels extending from the heart include the aorta, pulmonary trunk, pulmonary veins, and venae cavae. Pericardial Disorders Pericarditis is a disorder of the pericardium in which the pericardium becomes swollen or inflamed. This inflammation disrupts normal heart function. Pericarditis can be acute (happens suddenly and over quickly) or chronic (happens over a period of time and lasts for a long time). Some causes of pericarditis include bacterial or viral infections, cancer, kidney failure, certain medicines, and heart attack. Pericardial effusion is a condition caused by the accumulation of large amounts of fluid between the pericardium and the heart. This condition can be caused by a number of other conditions that affect the pericardium, such as pericarditis. Cardiac tamponade is pressure build up on the heart due to excessive fluid or blood build up in the pericardium. This excess pressure does not allow the heart ventricles to fully expand. As a result, cardiac output is lowered and blood supply to the body is insufficient. This condition is most commonly caused by hemorrhage due to penetration of the pericardium. The pericardium may become damaged as a result of severe trauma to the chest, a knife or gunshot wound, or accidental puncture during a surgical procedure. Other possible causes of cardiac tamponade include cancer, heart attack, pericarditis, radiation therapy, kidney failure, and lupus.

Sunday, November 3, 2019

Common Sense 1776 by Thomas Paine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Common Sense 1776 by Thomas Paine - Essay Example According to the story, Henry cannot afford any investment since he is a pauper and has no experience in business matters. However, things took a different turn when he met and fell in love with Portia. Investment’s intelligence dawn on him because of his quest to retain his love and secure their future; this help him invest the million pounder bill wisely. Twain’s short story to keep one’s capital flowing could be compared to keeping aspiration and ambition alive till one achieve the objective. Henry as an individual could have not made the investment succeed if the quest to continue loving and staying with Portia was absent. Keeping one’s capital moving simply implies striving to secure what one really desire no matter the odds. The story conceives capital as sources of inspiration that enable one succeed if properly harnessed and used purposefully. The capital for Henry was his quest and worries about keeping his love though a million was there if this quest was absent then investment could have collapse or better still not started. 3. Answer According to Thorstein Veblen, â€Å"pecuniary emulation†Ã‚  Ã‚   means the behavior in which people try to emulate other people who are socially well off. Pecuniary emulation is simply the state where one strives to equal or surpass the other in terms of wealth. He observes that as people increasingly acquire wealth, their social class and lifestyles changes. The hierarchy of needs progresses as one satisfies one level and the last one is to achieve luxury more than anybody else. As these aspects of their lives change, they are seen by others to live decently and comfortably. They act as role models as those who envy them try to emulate their behavior and lifestyles. As a result, they try to improve on their earnings and acquire things that closely resemble those of the high people in the society.   The best mode of display this is through luxurious lifestyle since basic provision a nd standard living is hard to measure. Veblen acknowledges that luxurious lifestyle is the best mode of surpassing those ahead and greatly enlarging the gap between those below. 4. B. Answer The repeated saying from â€Å"The Way to Wealth† that ’Tis easier to suppress the first Desire, than to satisfy all that follow it† means that it is easy to avoid the first desire to take a debt and either invest it or spend. Theoretically it is very easy to resist desire; however, practical life endeavors negate the theoretical assumptions. The old man keeps repeating the advice since he knows people take it lightly due to theoretical assumptions. However, after the first desire has overcome an individual and falls into the trap, it is impossible to from seeking debt. It all begins with the first debt and others follow, creating a chain of other debts that are insatiable. The repetition suggests the author’s desire to make this advice known to people by insisting on it. Repetition of the old man is a form of emphasis so that the advice is taken seriously and

Friday, November 1, 2019

Domestic Violence Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Domestic Violence - Article Example The rate of suffering physical abuse in case of the children staying with the parents in an abusive relationship is quite common. They may get harmed while witnessing the spousal abuse closely and at some places some physical abuses get inflicted on them as well. At places, children are used as a barterer instrumental in getting control or manipulating the victim of the domestic abuse. In this case, the conflict between the parents also evolves a kind of mental trauma in the children and they are shattered out of disruption in gaining their love from parents. Also separation from their parents cause a serious mental trauma to them and in their adolescence they might get involved in myriad anti-social activities or may get addicted as well to escape the harsh realities of life. The sign of any means of thrashing can be effective in determining the symbol of abuse in the children. Also some bizarre or violent activity at the social plane is also indicative of the domestic abuse inflicted on children. Locating this kind of symptoms in children requires immediate attention and they should be taken to the family counselling centres or women and child development centres and with the help of the counsellors over there, the case should be reported to the police as well. Athlete: As a kid, initially I was a good student. It started when I was six years old. Suddenly my father became alcoholic and all sorts of problems started during that phase. I could never sleep at night. I completely lost control on my mind and was losing it out every day. Athlete: It was not very easy to get out of it. As a child I was helpless. Some abnormalities were located by my class teacher and she reported it to the concerned authority. I was send to hostel soon after. Athlete: Yes. This is the worst side of the domestic violence. My parents decided to get

Wednesday, October 30, 2019

What is Covenant in the Old Testament sense Research Paper

What is Covenant in the Old Testament sense - Research Paper Example These include Abraham, Noah and Adam among many others. A covenant formed an important component of the biblical history and modern day theology. The flow of the biblical covenants includes (Mason 177): First of all, God made a covenant with His Son regarding the elect before the creation of the universe and consisted of the Father promising to bring to His Son all the people the Father had given Him (John 17: 9-24 ; 6:39). Manifestation of the covenant occurred in the world through the sequence of additional covenants between God and individuals. These include Adam (Gen 2: 15-17), Abraham (Gen 17), Noah (Gen 9:12-16), Mt Sinai covenant with Israelites (Ex 34:28), David (Sam 7:12-16) and New covenant believers (Jer 31:31-37). All the additional covenants involved the ‘Covenant of Grace’ when God establishes covenants with His elect with the promise of salvation through Faith in Jesus Christ (Mason 178). According to some theologians, there is only one covenant referred as the covenant of redemption within which all other covenants originate. This involved the agreement between the Father and the Son that gave the Son as Redeemer and head of the elect. As a result, the Son took the place assigned by the Father voluntarily. This formed a twofold assurance of Son as a guarantee and surety to fulfil the requirements of God’s laws. ... Covenant in Hebrew depicted the development of God’s covenant ranging from the time of creation to the time of the new covenant. In Arabic, covenant involved the contract binding humanity and God. The concept of covenant provides a distinctive and unique fellowship with God. This fellowship depends on legal covenant, and this implies the existence of dependable and stable element in Old Testament religion (McAleese 237). Concepts of Covenant Faith inspiring Fellowship The covenant concept gave the Old Testament people a mighty anchor for their faith. This allowed them a vantage ground with their God where God remained obligated to them through the covenant. He remained to be their God, and they become His people. For instance, this covenant background enabled Jacob cling to the angel until He blessed him. This covenant required people turn away from their sins after which they could claim God’s favour (Wood 133). Exclusive Fellowship The covenant established exclusive f ellowship between Hebrews and God. Hebrews remained as His chosen people, and He remained Yahweh their God. The covenantal idea formed a background for the Jewish religion, and it demanded exclusive loyalty to preclude the possibility of multiple loyalties in other religions. The illustration of loyalty to God took place through marriages, where Hosea, Ezekiel, and Jeremiah charged Israelites against adultery. The expression of God as being their God and them being His people comprised of the legal formula taken from marriage sphere and attested through legal documents from Ancient Near east (Hosea 2:4). This explains why prophets such as Isaiah frowned on alliance made by Israelites with their neighbours (Wood 133). Douglas Stuart Guidelines on Old Testament

Sunday, October 27, 2019

Analysis of Hospital Quality Management Team

Analysis of Hospital Quality Management Team Contents INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND History Vision Mission Core values MAIN SERVICES AVAILABLE, HOW SERVICES ARE DELIVERED AND TARGET POPULATION ISSUES IDENTIFIED ANALYSIS OF QUALITY MANAGEMENT PROGRAM REFERENCES INTRODUCTION This is an in-depth analysis of quality management program conducted in Villingili hospital. Improving the quality of care management practice is a concern in many countries regardless of differences in definition, organization, and funding of services. Quality assurance involves a commitment to guaranteeing the quality of services, not as an additional element attached to the service, but as part of an ongoing system in which performance is monitored and achievement measured against set standards or benchmarks (Camp, 1989; Crosby, 1979; Oakland, 1993 cited in Clarkson Challis, 2003). First a brief introduction of the hospital will be presented followed by the discussion of various quality related issues that can be identified within the hospital. Followed by this, one quality management effort, which is the indoor environment of the hospital, will be analyzed. Subsequently, recommendations for any other strategies that could be implemented to improve the present situation and to overcome quality issues that are not part of any quality program at present will be elaborated. BACKGROUND History Villingili hospital was first opened as a health center in 21st April 1994. The health center was initially opened as a branch of Male’ Health center. The health center was set up in a four room building provided by Male’ municipality. On 15th April 2002, the government changed the health center to a three story building. On 14th August 2014, the health center was changed to a third grade hospital; same level as an atoll hospital. Vision: strive to provide healthcare services to people of Villingili and to make the community aware regarding health life styles and to provide ideal, quality and acceptable health care service to residents of Villingili. Mission: To provide an uninterrupted health care to residents of Villingili. To diagnose and treat different types of diseases and work towards the prevention of these diseases. To further develop the laboratory services. Core values: no core values are identified by the organization. Even though the Villingili Hospital have a rich history, it was depressing to find that the staff of the hospital was unaware of the vision, mission and core values of the organization. MAIN SERVICES AVAILABLE, HOW SERVICES ARE DELIVERED AND TARGET POPULATION The main services available in this hospital are, consultation services from general practitioners, consultation from specialized practitioners, laboratory services, community health care, vaccination and nursing care services. The target population is the residents of Villingili, whose population is around 17,000 people according to Villingili hospital. Specialized doctors’ consultations are on specific days. Gynecological consultations are done on Sundays and Wednesdays from 08:00am to 04:00pm. Orthopedics consultations are done on Sundays and Mondays at 08:00am to 04:00pm by Orthopeadician Dr. Hussain Faisal. Pediatrician consultations are done on Mondays and Tuesdays at 08:00am to 04:00 pm. All consultants are arranged sent from IGMH. Vaccination and child growth monitoring is done on all working days from 09:00 am to 01:00 pm. All available services are provided within the hospital. Even though they have a community health service unit, home visiting are not done. Services are provided 24 hours throughout the day, and shift duties are done by all consultants, nurses, receptionists, interpreters, ambulance drivers and attendants. Even though specialized consultations are done, it is evident that both the consultants and clients face enormous difficulty to diagnose and treat diseases and conditions as essential and compulsory diagnostic services such as ultra sound scanning and x-ray services are not available in the hospital. ISSUES IDENTIFIED After conducting surveys in the Villingili hospital and interpreting the results, I have identified some issues related to quality of service provided by the facility. Here are the results of the survey conducted in the facility. In the survey questionnaire, a question was used targeting to identify the staff response to patients need and their courteousness. The evaluation will be accurate if we analyze the situation in both directions. According to the hospital officials, clients can consult general practitioners through a walk in OPD. But the consultation for specialized practitioners such as the orthopeadician and gyneacologist, clients have to make appointment prior to consultation. Appointments are issued until the planned slots are filled. From the interviews conducted, we understood that the time delay dissatisfaction usually arose during busy situations where the doctor who is consulting in the OPD have to attend in patients or emergency cases. Some clients also noted that the doctors sometimes goes for break while more than 10 clients are waiting outside. A service provider have to consider suitable timings in order to provide a quality service to the clients. In order to evaluate this, we questioned whether they are satisfied with service timing of the facility, both general and specialized consultations. Among 10 clients, 2 clients (20%) informed that they are not satisfied with the time for specialized consultation while 3 clients (30%) told that they are moderately satisfied and 5 patients (50%) are fully satisfied with the service timing. Figure 1 Even though they get the appointment for specialized consultation and can consult the general practitioner through a walk in OPD, the time taken to consult the doctors vary. To verify the time taken to consult the doctor, we gave time ranges from 0-10 minutes, 20-30 minutes and more than 30 minutes. According to the clients who gave the interviews 5 clients (50%) informed that they had to wait between 0-10 minutes, 3 clients (30%) told that they waited between 20-30 minutes for the consultation and 2 clients (20%) stated that they waited for more than 30 minutes to consult the doctor. These findings are presented below in figure 2. Figure 2 Identification of the client satisfaction and dissatisfaction is crucial in order to upgrade and provide an ideal and acceptable quality service to the clients. In order to identify the overall satisfaction of the clients regarding the time they spent during consultation, we included questions targeting this issue. According to 7 clients, (70%) they are fully satisfied with the time they spent and 3 clients (30%) are not satisfied. These results are shown below in figure 3. According to the information we collected, we found that most clients highlighted that the biggest issue they face is the way the staff communicate with them. Some clients have informed that they were left feeling like a fool during consultations and some staff spoke rudely to them. Few noted they feel that the staff are overburdened with responsibilities and they seem very unenthusiastic. In addition to this, some clients informed that the staff seems to be involved in their personal things while attending the clients who goes to the counter for different things. Communication effectively with patient and family is a cornerstone of providing quality health care (Patient care improvement guide, 2008). The manner in which health care provider communicate information to a patient can be equally important as information being conveyed (Patient care improvement guide, 2008). Patient surveys have demonstrated when communication is lacking, it is palpably felt and can lead to patients feeling increased anxiety, vulnerability and powerlessness (Patient care improvement guide, 2008). Among 10 clients, 5 clients (50%) informed that the staff was poor in areas being respectful, friendly helpful and courteous. Another 3 clients (30%) noted that the staff was fair in this area while the remaining 2 clients (20%) informed that the staff was good in this area. It is depressing to note that not even one client told that the staff was great in this area. The information is shown in a pie chart below in figure 1. Figure 1 The next question was whether the staff explained the procedure and how they answer questions asked by clients. Among 10 clients, 6 clients (60%) informed that the staff was poor in explaining the procedure and answer questions asked by them. Another 3 clients (30%) noted that the staff was fair in this area. The remaining 1 clients (10%) informed that the staff was good in this area. The information is illustrated in figure 2. Figure 2. According to the information collected through survey, it is clear that most clients highlighted that the biggest issue they face is the way the staff communicate with them. Some clients have informed that they were left feeling like a fool during consultations and some staff spoke rudely to them. Few noted they feel that the staff are overburdened with responsibilities and they seem very unenthusiastic. In addition to this, some clients informed that the staff seems to be involved in their personal things while attending the clients who goes to the counter for different things. The issues identified through survey with clients of this facility that, may hinder the quality of service provided are, ineffective communication and unenthusiastic staff. Additionally, by conducting interview with the senior administrative officer of Villingili health center, it is evident that some staff lack knowledge in some areas such as care during emergency situations. Lack of knowledge is due to lack of practice as the institute have less inpatients who needs constant care. Communication effectively with patient and family is a cornerstone of providing quality health care (Patient care improvement guide, 2008). The manner in which health care provider communicate information to a patient can be equally important as information being conveyed (Patient care improvement guide, 2008). Patient surveys have demonstrated when communication is lacking, it is palpably felt and can lead to patients feeling increased anxiety, vulnerability and powerlessness (Patient care improvement guide, 2008). ANALYSIS OF QUALITY MANAGEMENT EFFORT As the Villingili Hospital is being rebuild to accommodate required facilities to function as a hospital, patients’ and staff are facing various difficulties. The major difficulty that most people face is that consultant rooms are situated in the first floor of the building. A person does not have to be elderly to have a difficulty to climb stairs, and because of this arrangement some patients have faced difficulty. It is evident that the changes to the present building is being brought on to provide a quality service to the customers. However, the effect of physical environment on healing process is evident through research. The arrangement of wards, labor rooms, consultant rooms and waiting areas and its physical environment such as ventilation, lighting, and temperature is important aspects to consider to provide a quality hospital environment. From my personal experience, it is clear that the physical environment of hospital is set to ease the staff only and patient prefer ence or perspective is rarely considered. As I have experienced, I have faced immense difficulty when I went for a consultation with high grade fever and wheezing. The consultant’s room air conditioner was set a temperature where it was difficult for me to utter a single word without clattering my teeth. Additionally, I have found that the present physical environment of the Villingili hospital can be considered dangerous for patient especially the elderly and young. The present construction activities and especially the smooth tiles put on the floor of the hospital is a hazard for falls. For this analysis, I will be looking into the extraneous factors of the hospital in order to deliver a quality service. Extraneous factor of hospital The physical work environment often influences (positively or negatively) the mindset of the service providers and their efficiency and capability to innovate in delivering expanded services (). Sometimes the aspects of the consultation rooms can have a negative impact. Such as the consultation room being too cold, hot, dark, noisy or unwelcoming (Moulton, 2007). Distractions in the room include visual distractions (eye catching photographs or art), auditory distractions (sounds from the waiting room or next consultation room) and olfactory distractions (bad odors or body odor of previous patients) (Moulton, 2007). Suboptimal seating arrangement also can be a negative extraneous factor of hospital, such as seats being hard and uncomfortable (Moulton, 2007). In recent years, the effects of the physical environment on the healing process and well-being have proved to be increasingly relevant for patients and their families as well as for healthcare staff (Huisman, Morales, Hool Korts, 2012) Studies have shown that excessive noise, glare and poor air quality can create stress as is evidenced by increased heart and blood pressure and reduced oxygen level in the blood in both adults and babies who are exposed to these environment (Blomkvist, Ericksen, Theorell, Ulrich, Rasmanis, 2005; Hagerman, Rasmanis, Blomkvist, Ulrich, Eriksen, Theorell, 2005;Zahr Traversay 1995 cited in Zborowsky Kreitzer, 2008). A healing environment with appropriate physical aspects contribute to patients’ outcome such as shorter length of stay, reduced stress, increased patients satisfaction and others (Ulrich et al., 2004 cited in Hussain Babalghith, 2014). REFERENCES Clarkson, P., Challis, D. (2003). Quality Assurance Practices in Care Management: A Perspective from the United Kingdom. Care Management Journals, 4, (3), 142-151. Huisman, E. R. C. M., Morales, E., Hool, J. V. Korts, H. S. M. (2012). Healing environment: A review of the impact of physical environmental factors on users. Building and Environment (58), 70–80. Moultan, L. (2007). The Naked Consultation: A Practical Guide to Primary Care Consultation Skill (1st ed). United Kingdom, UK: Radcliffe Publishing. WHO. (2004). Quality Improvement in Primary Health Care; A Practical Guide. WHO regional publication, Eastern Mediterranean Series 26. Zborowsky, T., Kreitzer, M. J. (2008). Creating Optimal Healing Environment in Health Care Setting. Clinical and Health Affairs, 91(3), 35-38. Saushan Rasheed Quality Assurance in Health Care Assignment 2